『譯者有心 · 搬家』

Relocated:http://blog.sina.com.cn/jeremygu

·····················································

『譯聞 · Stephen Lucas與演講的藝術 』

来自美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊总校传播艺术学院的Stephen E. Lucas教授被誉为“演讲之父”，他所出版的The Art of Public Speaking（《演讲的艺术》）一书，在26年中已连续再版10次，成为了美国最权威，最受欢迎的公共演讲教材。

此次有幸邀请到了这位美国顶尖传播学者，再次来到上海外国语大学，并举行讲座：奥巴马与公众演讲的力量，让我们这37位APS小朋友得以目睹了大师的风采。而我额外地又协助了Lucas教授讲座中的技术支持，并且在Grace的指导下制作了两个视频来Pay Tribute，让我自己都爱不释手。

JOURNAL: BEHIND THE LECTURE

NEVER would I forget the memorable moment when I shook hands with Professor Stephen E. Lucas, the author of the Art of Public Speaking and of course, one of the most distinguished speakers of our time.

Since I started on the journey of APS this semester, I’ve desired to meet him in person. I felt quite honoured to be the assistant to him when he paid a visit to SISU on April 14 to give us a lecture on Barack Obama and the power of public speaking. Two weeks before his actual arrival, under Grace’s guidance, I started to prepare for this lecture.

One of my tasks was to produce two videos, one was to warn up the audience with selected historical and impressive speeches which were delivered by orators of note, and the other aimed to pay tribute to Professor Lucas. The former one would be played repeatedly before the lecture started, while the latter would be played once only to all the present at that time, especially to Professor Stephen Lucas.

Although it was quite time-consuming to produce videos for I was not specialized in that, but I enjoyed myself during the exploration in "the world of eloquence". There I was impressed by Aristotle and his Rhetoric, touched by Ronald Regan and his eulogy to Challenger, and deeply encouraged by Douglas MacArthur with his motto “duty, honour, country”.

It seemed that public speaking held the power to make all of these resonates with me. And it did remind me of Pietro Mascagni’s Cavalleria Rusticana, a classical opera by which I was attracted at the first listening. So I made up my mind to combine the picture of speeches and the music of this opera. In addition, thanks to Mozart’s concerto and photos of high quality, the videos turned out to be dramatically harmonious. Even I myself was admiring when they were finally played in the West Hall. The applause from the audience witnessed the success and at that time I was delighted to hear the voice from Professor Stephen Lucas, “Thank you, Jeremy.”

The two videos heralded a good beginning of the lecture and undoubtedly the lecture itself was the most impressive and exceptional one that I had ever been given. His every act and every move were natural and unrestrained. From the Debut Speech to “Yes We Can” Speech, from “Just Word” Speech” to Victory Speech, he presented us a vivid and glamorous Barack Obama.

Now, when I read again the farewell words the Master gave me, with a sense of honour, I know that I have benefited a lot from this lecture, not only the art of public speaking, but also the essence of communication. Listening and being listened to, both of them are necessary, and the key to realizing the potential of the communication is in achieving balance in our daily life.

That day is still vivid in my mind, and I'm sure I will treasure it all my life long. ♦

Jeremy Gu

◎ 延伸阅读：

Stephen E. Lucas教授讲座侧记 （上外新闻网）

『譯賞 · 悖論之美 』

“如今是这样的年代，读得太多而没时间欣赏，写得太多而没时间思想。”王尔德当年感叹道。他天女散花似的妙语隽言警句怪论，让全世界足足受用了一百年。♦

To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.

爱自己就是开始延续一生的罗曼史。

The heart was made to be broken.

心是用来碎的。

The public is wonderfully tolerant. It forgives everything except genius.

公众惊人地宽容。他们可以原谅一切，除了天才。

I have nothing to declare except my genuis.

除了我的天才，我没什么好申报的。

A dreamer is one who can only find his way by moonlight, and

his punishment is that he sees the dawn before the rest of the world.

梦想家只能在月光下找到前进的方向，

他为此遭受的惩罚是比所有人提前看到曙光。

To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all.

生活是世上最罕见的事情，大多数人只是存在，仅此而已。

I don't want to earn my living; I want to live.

我不想谋生；我想生活。

What is a cynic?

A man who knows the price of everything and the value of nothing

一个愤世嫉俗的人知道所有东西的价格，却不知道任何东西的价值。

A true friend stabs you in the front.

真正的朋友才会当面中伤你。

There are only two tragedies in life:

one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it.

世上只有两类悲剧，有些人总是不能遂愿，而有些人总是心想事成。

A good name,like good will, is got by many action and lost by one.

一个好的名声，就像好的意向一样，

在很多个举动的形成，在一个举动中失去。

Everyone is born king,and most people die in exile.

每个人生来都是君王，但大多数在流亡中死去。

When I was young , I used to think that money was

the most important thing in life , now that I am old , I know it is.

我年青时以为金钱至上，而今年事已迈，发现果真如此。

What seems to us as bitter trials are often blessings in disguise.

看似痛苦的试炼往往是伪装的祝福。

Whenever people agree with me I always feel I must be wrong.

每次人们赞同我的时候，我都觉得自己一定错了。

Anybody can sympathise with the sufferings of a friend,

but it requires a very fine nature to sympathise with a friend's success.

任何人都可以为一个朋友的不幸感到同情，

但一个人需要非常优良的天性来为一个朋友的成功感到高兴。

The world has been made by fools that wise men should live in it.

愚人创造了这个世界，智者不得不活在其中。

Ridicule is the tribute paid to the genius by the mediocrities.

奚落是庸才对天才的颂歌。

We teach people how to remember, we never teach them how to grow.

我们教给人们如何记忆，却从来不教他们如何成长。

Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time

to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught.

教育是一件可敬的事，但要时刻牢记，

没有什么值得知道的事是教得会的。

I am not young enough to know everything.

我还没有年轻到什么都懂的地步。

I like talking to a brick wall,

it's the only thing in the world that never contradicts me.

我喜欢对一堵墙说话，世界上只有它不会反驳我。

I was working on the proof of one of my poems all morning,

and took out a comma. In the afternoon I put it back again.

我整个早上都在校对自己的一首诗，我去掉了一个逗号。

下午我又把它加上去了。

We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.

我们都生活在阴沟里，但仍有人仰望星空。

We Irish are too poetical to be poets;

we are a nation of brilliant failures,

but we are the greatest talkers since the Greeks.

我们爱尔兰人太诗意以至不能做诗人，

我们的国家里充满才华横溢的失败者，

可我们是自希腊人以来最伟大的说空话之人。

Discontent is the first step in the progress of a man or a nation.

不满是个人或民族迈向进步的第一步。

Ignorance is like a delicate flower: touch it and the bloom is gone.

无知就像是一朵精致的花朵：摸一下，它就消失了。

No great artist ever sees things as they really are.

If he did he would cease to be an artist.

伟大的艺术家看不到事物的真实。

如果他看到了，就不再是艺术家。

One can always be kind to people one cares nothing about.

一个人总是可以善待他毫不在意的人。

It is characteristic of all deep human problems that they are

not to be approached without some humor and some bewilderment.

所有人类的重大问题都有一个共同点：

没有点幽默和疯狂是没办法解决的。

The difference between journalism and literature is that

journalism is unreadable and literature is not read.

报纸和文学的区别是，报纸没法读，而文学则没人读。

The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on.

It is never of any use to oneself.

对于忠告，你所能做的，就是把它奉送给别人，

忠告从来就不是给自己准备的。

A man who does not think for himself does not think at all.

一个人倘若不为自己思考，那就从未思考过。

Young men want to be faithful, and are not;

old men want to be faithless, and cannot.

年轻人想要有信仰，但他们却没有；

老年人不想要有信仰，但却办不到。

An excellent man; he has no enemies;

and none of his friends like him.

一个极其优秀的人。他没有敌人，

而他的朋友也没有一个喜欢他的。

『譯聞 · 篇章結構與翻譯視角 』

今天的英语语法课上，Gloria谈及了被动态（Passive Voice）转换主语视角的句法功能以及英语结构的两个重要原则：End-focus（末尾中心）与End-weight（末尾重心），颇有启迪。

END WEIGHT & END FOCUS

The general order of elements in a sentence is:

subject - verb - object/complement/adverbial(s)

Sometimes the subject is a very long phrase explaining an idea and would make a sentence difficult to understand (the subject is marked in bold text):

The fact that many doctors who came to Finland in the 1960's had to start their medical studies over from the beginning in order to be licensed to practice here is unfortunate.

The principle called end weight means that we try to put long "heavy" elements at the end of the sentence, and keep the subject as short as possible. In cases such as the sentence above we often use the "empty subject" it with a complement followed by the "that" clause:

It is unfortunate that many doctors who came to Finland in the 1960's had to start their medical studies over from the beginning in order to be licensed to practice here.

This construction works with several adjectives in addition to "unfortunate".Some others are: amazing, apparent, appropriate, clear, doubtful, essential, evident, extraordinary, important, inevitable, interesting, likely, natural, obvious, odd, plain, possible, probable, surprising, and unlikely

Most reporting verbs can also be used in this type of construction in the passive form:

It was found/felt/agreed that this method had little effect.

Another commonly used construction to avoid front-heavy sentences is the so-called existential sentence, which begins There is/are... and a that-clause.

Thus, instead of:

Many people who believe that the recent warming of the climate is due to the greenhouse effect exist.

English prefers:

There are many people who believe that the recent warming of the climate is due to the greenhouse effect.

Note that in English the verb agrees in number with the noun group used after the verb to be:

There is one thing we can do.

There are three things we can do.

There can also be followed be a few adjectives indicating likelihood or possibility followed by the infinitive to be:

There are unlikely to be any problems.

There seems to have been some negligence.

There tend to be very few failures.

Some reporting verbs can also be used this way:

There is expected to be a report issued next month.

A quite formal usage is such verbs as remain, arise, exist and a few others:

There remain three major problems to solve.

Note also that new information is put at the end of sentences and 'given' information is put at the beginning. This links sentences together more tightly and produces a text that is easier to read.

Adaped from: http://users.utu.fi/micnel/endweight.htm

◎ 译者有心：

这两大原则由当代著名的英语语言学者夸克教授（Quirk et al ）等人首先提出。这回在语法课上，聆听到这个观点倒是挺有启发的。以往的英语写作中，我根本没有对此加以留心，因而写作中多少会有些中文思维的痕迹。有时按照中文的逻辑习惯频繁更迭主语，造成语义不清，结构散漫；有时句末保留了一些看似必要的信息，实则是redundance而应坚决删除之。其实这些问题同样出现在英汉互译的过程中，它反映了两种不同语言间对于信息处理的不同逻辑，因此有必要在翻译的过程中注意源语的结构特点，并根据焦点的分布进行译语调整，我想这便是常说译成中文要断句的缘由吧。

『譯作 · A PAINFUL CASE』

悲痛的往事（节选）

[爱尔兰] 詹姆斯·乔伊斯

译 / 顾忆青

（译文） 修订本

（感谢 Shannon 的指导）

走到麦迦津山的山顶时，他停了下来，沿着河流向都柏林望去，寒夜中的城市泛着宜人的红光。他朝山坡下看去，在山脚下那座公园围墙的阴影里，依稀可见横躺着的斑驳人影。那些用金钱换来的隐密艳情，使他陷入绝望之中。他为自己那正人君子的生活苦恼不已，他觉得自己是生活盛宴的局外人。有人似乎爱上过他，然而他却拒绝给予她生命和幸福。他曾给那女人定下了“不知廉耻”的罪状，致使她在羞愧中死去。他知道公园围墙下那些人正注视着他，巴望着他赶快离开。谁也不需要他，他是生活盛宴的局外人。他将目光转向那条灰暗中微光闪烁的河流，河水正朝着都柏林蜿蜒流淌。他看见河对岸的一辆货车正迂回驶出国王桥车站，如同一条弯曲蠕动的蚯蚓，顶着火焰般赤红色的脑袋，倔强而又费力地穿过夜色。货车缓缓从他视线中消失，但机车吃力沉闷的嗡嗡声仍在耳畔，似乎在重复着她名字的每一个音节。

他转身按原路返回，机车那富有节奏的声响仍不绝于耳。他开始怀疑记忆中的那一切都是不是真的。在一棵树下，他停了下来，直到这轰鸣的节奏声逐渐淡去。黑暗中，他感觉不到她在自己身边，也听不到她的声音。他又听了几分钟，什么也没有听到：夜，出奇地静。他再次去听：还是出奇地静。他觉得自己已是孤身一人。

（原稿）

当他走到麦迦津山的山顶时，他停了下来，沿着河流向都柏林望去，寒夜中的城市泛着宜人的红光。他朝山坡下眺望，只见山脚下，那座公园围墙的阴影里，依稀可见横躺着的斑驳人影。那些用金钱换来的隐密艳情，使他陷入绝望之中。他那正人君子的生活令他苦恼不已，他觉得自己是生活盛宴的局外人。有人似乎爱上过他，然而他却拒绝给予她生命和幸福。他在心里给那女人定下了不知廉耻的罪状，致使她在羞愧中死去。他知道公园围墙边躺着的那些人正注视着他，巴望着他赶快离开。谁也不需要他，他是生活盛宴的局外人。他将目光转向那条灰暗中微光闪烁的河流，河水正朝着都柏林蜿蜒流淌。在河的对岸，他看见一辆货车正迂回驶出国王桥车站，如同一条弯曲蠕动的蚯蚓，顶着火焰般赤红色的脑袋，倔强而又费力地穿过黑暗的夜色。货车缓缓从他视线中消失，但机车吃力沉闷的嗡嗡声仍不绝于耳，似乎在重复着她名字的每一个音节。

他转过身去按原路返回，机车那富有节奏的声响在他的耳畔轰鸣。他开始怀疑记忆中的那一切都是不是真的。在一棵树下，他停下了脚步，等这轰鸣的节奏声逐渐淡去。黑暗中，他感觉不到她在自己身边，耳边也没有了她的声音。他又听了几分钟，什么也没有听到：夜，出奇地静。他再次去听：还是出奇地静。他觉得自己已是孤身一人。

（原文）

A Painful Case

(Excerpt)

by James Joyce

When he gained the crest of the Magazine Hill he halted and looked along the river towards Dublin, the lights of which burned redly and hospitably in the cold night. He looked down the slope and, at the base, in the shadow of the wall of the Park, he saw some human figures lying. Those venal and furtive loves filled him with despair. He gnawed the rectitude of his life; he felt that he had been outcast from life's feast. One human being had seemed to love him and he had denied her life and happiness: he had sentenced her to ignominy, a death of shame. He knew that the prostrate creatures down by the wall were watching him and wished him gone. No one wanted him; he was outcast from life's feast. He turned his eyes to the grey gleaming river, winding along towards Dublin. Beyond the river he saw a goods train winding out of Kingsbridge Station, like a worm with a fiery head winding through the darkness, obstinately and laboriously. It passed slowly out of sight; but still he heard in his ears the laborious drone of the engine reiterating the syllables of her name.

He turned back the way he had come, the rhythm of the engine pounding in his ears. He began to doubt the reality of what memory told him. He halted under a tree and allowed the rhythm to die away. He could not feel her near him in the darkness nor her voice touch his ear. He waited for some minutes listening. He could hear nothing: the night was perfectly silent. He listened again: perfectly silent. He felt that he was alone.

◎ 关于作者：James Joyce

詹姆斯·乔伊斯（1882-1941），爱尔兰作家和诗人，是二十世纪最伟大的作家之一。他的“意识流”宏篇巨著《尤利西斯》（Ulysses, 1922）在世界文学史上具有划时代的意义。他的代表作还有短篇小说集《都柏林人》（Dubliners, 1914）、《一个青年艺术家的画像》（A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 1916）、《为芬尼根守灵》（Finnegans Wake, 1939）。

尽管乔伊斯一生大部分时光都远离故土爱尔兰，但早年在祖国的生活经历却对他的创作产生了深远的影响，他所创作的小说大多根植于他早年在都柏林的生活。他谙熟欧洲大陆作家作品，受易卜生影响尤深，并渐渐表现出对人类精神世界特殊的感悟及对家庭笃信的宗教和自己生活环境中的习俗、传统的叛逆。大学毕业后，曾与当时的爱尔兰文艺复兴运动有所接触，不久即成为其对立面。同年，迫于经济压力及为摆脱家庭宗教和自身狭隘环境的束缚，自行流亡到欧洲大陆，先后在法国、瑞士、意大利过着流离的生活，广泛地吸取欧洲大陆和世界文化的精华。乔伊斯是用英文写作的现代主义作家中将国际化因素和乡土化情节结合最好的人，他作品中所表现出来的对民族对国家的热爱，深深感动着爱尔兰人民。

◎ 作品主题：

这个世界是否存在着达菲先生所喜欢的事物呢，他认为就是“过去”。我们在前面已经谈到，“过去”或“往事”是乔伊斯非常喜欢用的一个概念，往往意味着幸福的回忆，但这个概念实际上是非常抽象而空洞的（没有什么实质性的内容），乔伊斯只是在某种象征的意义上使用它，用来反衬“现实生活”的绝望与无趣。在达菲先生看来，他内心的绝望感的最重要的来源就是世界的与人的精神的双重“混乱”。为了与这种无处不在的混乱相抗衡，他用自己的全部生活建立起个人的“清洁”与“秩序”，就象陀思妥耶夫所说的那样，希望在无望的人间建立起上帝的天国。而他把自己一生的全部奋斗与抗争，耗费在整理自己的居室的日复一日的劳作中，这是一个意味深长的“代偿行为”，也是一个充满反讽的寓言。他的房间越清洁，他个人心灵的自闭壁垒也就越厚；他自以为是的步伐越坚定，他内心的迷茫感也就越深刻。他看上去忙得很，工作，看书，写作，参加墓地仪体告别仪式，在圣诞节访问他的亲戚，甚至他还去剧院听音乐会，他这样做似乎只有一个目的，避免自己处在“闲暇”之中，与其说憎恶“闲暇”和无所事事，不如说他害怕面对自己的内心。

我以为乔伊斯的用意是为了让这段离奇而温馨的情感纠葛来测量一下主人公达菲先生的虚无的深度。所以，在《悲痛的往事》中，悲剧的主角并不是埃米莉·辛尼科太太，而恰恰是达菲先生本人。达菲觉得自己是一个“被人生的盛宴排斥在外的人”，他活着，而在某种意义上他已经死了。他没有了爱欲，没有了生活的动力与激情，甚至丧失了基本的意愿。假如说，达菲的身体与精神状况已完全麻木，他的悲剧性也许还没有那么深刻。问题在于，他理智还能隐约感觉到自己的荒谬，他与爱米莉的交往显然不完全是被动的，他甚至主动接近对方，“抓住机会同她亲热一番”，只有当对方表现了明显“爱情”的信号时，他才发现自己的内心已经死去，没有任何能力。这一点，我们在埃米莉死后，达菲的追悔与悲伤也可以看得比较清楚。我个人认为，尽管乔伊斯在篇小说中使用了淡淡的揶揄和讽刺，但达菲先生的精神状况正是这个时期乔伊斯本人的真实写照。

（格非：《都柏林人》小说讲稿）

◎ 延伸阅读：

A Painful Case
from James Joyce "Dubliners"